Sun Damage: Causes, Prevention, and Treatments

Long-term and repeated exposure to sunlight, particularly ultraviolet (UV) light, can lead to a variety of cosmetic and medical skin issues commonly referred to as sun damage. Sun damage can affect any area of the skin but is most frequently seen on the face, hands, and arms. Effects of sun damage include sun spots, age spots, rough skin, wrinkles, premature aging, and in some cases, skin cancer. Years of sun exposure can also lead to actinic keratosis, a precancerous condition resulting from chronic UV exposure.

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Preventing Sun Damage

The most effective approach to sun damage is prevention. Daily sunscreen use and limiting excessive sun exposure—especially during peak midday hours—are essential. Additional preventive measures include:

  • Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15
  • Wear a hat when outdoors
  • Wear long sleeves and pants to protect exposed skin
  • Avoid tanning beds and salons

Treatment Options for Sun Damage

Once sun damage has occurred, several cosmetic treatments can improve the skin’s appearance:

  • Injectable fillers: Collagen or other fillers help smooth lines and wrinkles, giving the skin a fuller, more youthful look.
  • Phototherapy: Reduces uneven pigmentation and sun spots.
  • Laser treatments: Target damaged skin to improve texture and tone.
  • Chemical peels and microdermabrasion: Remove dead skin layers to promote new growth and enhance skin texture.

When to Consult a Doctor

Any suspicious growths or unusual skin patches should be evaluated by a physician promptly. Early detection is critical for effectively treating potential skin cancers that may develop from sun damage.